Philosophies and Institutions Underlying Classical Liberalism

, 1999, 817). Frederic Bastiat maintained that individuals are abandoned the gift of life. This life is carried out in an environment of cancel resources that are transformed into products to make life possible. To Bastiat, life moldiness include freedom and the ability to keep the products of one's own churn, or private property. In The Law, Bastiat maintains the following relationship between individuals and government, "Life, faculties, products in other words, individuality, liberty, property this is man...these three gifts from God precede all told human legislation, and are superior to it. Life, liberty, and property do non exist because men have made laws. On the contrary, it was the fact that life, liberty, and property existed beforehand that cause men to make laws in the first place" (Primacy, 2003, 1).

The views of Benjamin Constant were part of the organization of democracy as a form of government, with individual liberty untouched by government. He viewed Locke's social theory bid as something that jeopardizes individual freedom. He argued for the need for a validation to limit the powers of government and felt that "The social contract, so frequently invoked in favor of liberty, is the most terrible auxiliary of every for of despotism" (Constant, 1872, 280).

According to Cannistraro (et al. 1999), John Mill's On Liberty represents "

The rise of industrialism during the late 19th century and early 20th century provided both positive and ostracise social, economic, and political changes for beau monde. Due to new technologies and the increasing mechanization of society and business, productivity increased dramatically. With it, large urban cities and populations began to develop some factories. Increasing employment, increased wages, and the creation of wealthy were accompanied by higher productivity and the creation of the middle-class. Family structures also changed as to a greater extent women and even children were employed in the workforce to meet the suppuration demands of industrial capitalism. However, negative changes also developed.

Despite the rise in the standard of living for many, factory owners and other titans of capitalism were competent to amass great wealth and political influence, often at the expense of workers and the growing number of poor. Harsh working conditions, a growing gap between rich and poor, and the exploitation of labor and politics by the wealthy saw many political theorists try to resolve the inequalities of industrial capitalism with socialism. Some of these views flew in the face of classical liberalism. For example, L. T. Hobhouse viewed society from a sociological eyeshot in which he felt the state was no demand a coercive body and that property rights are not natural. In Hobhouse's view, property should be allocated in order to progress autonomy, "The possession of property which makes, not for guidance of self, but the determine of others, stands on the principle condemned" (Political, 2003, 2).

Cannistraro, P. V. and Reich, J. J. (1999). The Western Perspective: A score of Civilization in the West, (Vol. II: Since 1500). New York, NY: Harcourt Brace College Publishers.

Wallerstein, I. (Nov 1, 2001). great power? Commentary, No. 76, Viewed on June 8, 2003: http://fbc.binghamton.edu/commentr.htm

Bismarck, Otto von. Viewed on June 8, 2003: http:// entanglement
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