The Evolution of Social Science and Philosophy

Other than what is observable directly, on that point is no knowledge and he believed that God could not outlast because God is only an idea in the mind of man. Kant, on the other hand, contend Hume's skepticism and matte up that pure causality was of use in understanding the world. However, he challenged Enlightenment thinkers because he did not feel reason was of unlimited scope. Morality, for Kant, involved law, i.e. the categorical imperative and the use of sympathetic will. For Kant, moral judgements are expressions of operable as opposed to theoretical reason. Practical reason or rational will derives its principles of action in the human universe from its own rational nature. For Hume, faith was more properly felt than judged on. For example, if someone acts in a way that pleases, it pleases us, what Hume would call a calm passion. Likewise, something beautiful brings about this same feeling. To Hume, unlike Kant, morality is a matter of feeling, made aware by instincts or sympathy, and modulated in accordance with general rules and conventions of justice.

3) The industrial mutation was a transformation of the forces of production revolving around the circuit of industrial capital. Capitalism, nationalism and imperialism were aided in their growth by the sweeping changes of the British economy between the mid-18th snow and the mid-19th century. One o

f the just about significant changes that occurred during the Industrial Revolution was the even rise of all industries, as opposed to uneven industrial development before this time. Transformations in the toil process and the transition from manufacture to machinofacture helped industrial capitalism evolve. As the economy and industry of Great Britain rose, so did its ability to economize a well-armed militia and invade other territories on the al-Qaeda of trade and exploitation, hence a rise in Imperialism.

Further, commercialized wealth rose in capital of the United Kingdom while manufacturing wealth rose in the provinces. The world economy during the 19th century was a British economy as much as the world economy of the 20th century is an American economy. London was the hub of the industrial revolution and economy of the 19th century, and as their attempts at exploitation in the provinces created social struggles an ensuing rise in nationalism and imperialism followed.

4) Existentialism's main tenet that is in contrast to most philosophical theory preceding it is that existence precedes essence as opposed to the a priori essence that precedes the existence of people in most other philosophical systems. Existentialists are concerned with ontology or the study of being. In existentialism the essential self of human beings is represented as an illusion, and a man is nothing else exclusively what he has become up to that moment in time, i.e. the center field of all his actions in life up to then. Man is excess in this worldview becaus
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