Mustafa Kemal

Under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal, cordial, political, linguistic, and economic reforms and attitudes were

introduced. Ataturk died in 1938, but the reforms he instituted continue to form the ideological base of new-fashioned Turkey. This body of reforms is referred to as "Kemalism," and it comprises secularism, nationalism, and modernization and looks to the westbound for inspiration and support. Kemalism remains controversial within Turkey as well and serves as the subject of frequent discussion and pass on in Turkey's political life.

The ideological legacy of Ataturk, Kemalism, is made up of the "Six Arrows" of republicanism, nationalism, populism, reformism, estatism, and secularism. These principles are found in successive constitutions for Turkey. When Ataturk sour office, he initiated a series of radical reforms in the political, economic, and social life of the country, with the intent of rapidly transforming Turkey into a modern state. Modernization for Ataturk meant Westernization. A secular legal code pattern along European lines was introduced, and it completely altered laws affecting women, marriage, and family relations. On a different level, Ataturk urged his countrymen to look and act like Europeans, advance them to wear European-style clothing. he personally promoted ballroom dancing at official functions, and he urged the adoption of surnames.

In his own case, Mustafa Kema

With a rare combination of resolution and flexibility, this former World Bank expert was able to tantalise the grip of Kemalist dogmas, entrenched habits and bureaucratic mentalities in order to influence Turkey into the modern world. Under his impetus, the Turkish economy experient a remarkable expansion. Since 1981, and except for 1991 (the year of the Gulf War), its yearly growth identify has oscillated between six and eight percent, the highest rate for any member of the OECD, including Japan.

Not so long ago, kindly references to the history and culture of the Ottoman Empire were frowned upon in "politically correct" circles. Today, Turks declare with pride of their Ottoman heritage in time while retaining a certain critical distance. They likewise right away refer to their ethnic origins without in any way diminish their "Turkishness," in much the way an American might speak of being "Irish" or "Italian."

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