* Normally the heart beats nearly 70 times per minute.
* A site above carbon BPM is tachycardia; a rate below 60 BPM is referred as bradycardia.
* It is influenced by exercise, age, gender, size, physiologic conditions, disease states, medications and feelings such as depression, fear, anxiety and anger. Pulse sites are radial, brachial, carotid, temporal, femoral, popliteal, dorsalis pedis.
* Apical pulse rate is the heart rate counted at the apex of the heart (lower march on of the heart); considered very accurate and is used with infants and young children or a patient on heart meds. It is read for a rich minute; check pulse deficit (120/80/40).
* Do not use your thumb, it has a pulse and may impede with accuracy.
* Pulse characteristics: volume (force), rhythm ( regularity).
* During the process of inspiration, oxygen, which is necessary for consistence cells and life, is taken into the lungs.
* During expiration, place containing carbon dioxide is expelled from the lungs as a vaunt product,
* When observing a patients respiration, three characteristics should be noted:
1.
Rate (adult is 14-20 per minute)
* A rate below 12 is bradypnea, or above 40, tachypnea
* Respiratory rate is usually at 1:4 proportion of the pulse rate
* Factors that affect the rate include elevated temperature, age, pain, medical conditions, extreme pain, emotion and physical conditions.
2. Rhythm is the breathing pattern which occurs at either regular or irregular intervals.
3. Depth of respiration refers to the volume of air being inhaled and exhaled.
* Breath sounds include:
* Stridor (croup) stertorous such as the sound heard in snoring.
* Rales consist of crackling sounds.
* Rhonchi or gurgles are rattling, whistling sounds.
* Wheezing are high...If you want to make out a full essay, order it on our website: Orderessay
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